1. TERMINOLOGY
Sewage
Is herein referred to biocontaminated municipal waste waters with a maximum of 1% (one percent) Total Suspended Solids (TSS), as originating from cities, villages, ships and other sources. Technical data of this website refer to sewage as above defined.
Sludge
Is referred to a condensed form of sewage with 1% or more Total Suspended Solids (TSS). Technical data of this website refer to sludge as above defined.
Septage
Is referred to biowaste out of septic tanks. Septage is more biocontaminated than sludge because the leech fields in septic tanks disperse water, thus condensing the biowaste.
Coliform
Is the family of the primary bacteria present in sewage made up of several groups, one of which is the faecal coliform group, which is found in the intestinal tracts of warm-blooded animals including humans. One of the primary function of PlasmaArcFlow Sewage Recyclers is that of eliminating all possible coliform as well as all other bacteriological activity.
Vector fly
It refers to the decomposition of organic substances that, as such, attracts flies with consequential possible contamination of humans in the areas. Therefore, the sole sterilization of organic substances is not sufficient for full treatment due to the ensuing vector fly problem. Sewage treatment in accordance with environmental laws requires that all organic substances in suspension be carbonized so as to prevent the vector fly problem.
Carbonaceous Biochemical Oxygen Demand (CBOD)
Organic material is a major pollutant in sewage. The commonest measure of the organic content of sewage is the Carbonaceous Biochemical Oxygen Demand (CBOD). CBOD is a measure of the oxygen required to degrade organic compounds in the flow of wastewater. It is called Biochemical Oxygen Demandč because bacteria in the water provide the primary catalysts for the conversion of organic materials and the consumption of oxygen in the water. A high CBOD level in natural water causes a fall in dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, which often kills aquatic life.
Total Suspended Solids (TSS)
A high level of suspended solids can damage bottom-dwelling life-forms and causes anaerobic conditions on the bottoms of lakes, rivers and seas due to the breakdown of the solids. TSS is generally measured by carbonizing all biocontaminants in suspension.
Nutrients
An excess of the nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus may cause eutrophication in natural waters. Eutrophication begins with algal blooms, followed by high BOD levels (when the algae die) and low DO concentrations. It should be note that local environmental authorities set up the maximum percentage of nutrients in final effluent waters depending on usage. In fact, when said waters are released in the ocean, maximum removal of nutrients is necessary to prevent termination of corals and other marine life. However, when final effluent waters are used for irrigation of fields where solid fertilizers rich in nutrients are authorized, their removal in irrigation waters is evidently generally not requested.
Eutrophication
Occurs in the ageing process of a body of water in which organic material accumulates and slowly replaces oxygen so that, eventually, it fills in and becomes dry land. In recent years, this process has been accelerated by plant or algae growth in many bodies of water, encouraged by environmental pollution from such sources as detergents containing phosphorus, the leaching of fertilizers, sewage and toxic dumping, and heated water from the cooling systems of power plants and other industries.
Plasma-Arc-Flow (PAF)
Refers to the new patented (international patents pending) process discovered by Dr. R. M. Santilli, Chief Scientist of Magnegas Corporation, consisting in flowing the liquid feedstock through a submerged electric arc, so as to prevent the recombination of H and O into water, increase fuel production and decrease CO2 and other contaminants.
Total Mode
Refers to the use of PAF Recyclers in the continuous recirculation mode of the liquid feedstock through the electric arc until all molecules are decomposed by the arc and converted to magnegas plus solid residues.
Linear Mode
Refers the use of PAF Recyclers via one single passage of the liquid feedstock through the arc and then its removal from the PAF module for downstream treatment. The mode is recommended for biocontaminated liquids with up to a maximum of 1 % TSS, such as city or ship sewage. The Linear Mode completely sterilizes the liquid feedstock, produces magnegas by decreasing BOD and other contaminants, and polarizes the remaining liquid so as to admit much more efficient and less expensive downstream treatments as per local needs.
Total/Linear Mode
Refer to the dual use of PAF Recyclers in the Total Mode (recirculation of liquid feedstock through the arc) generally fixed at 100 gpm in a 300 Kw recycler, and the use of the Linear Mode (single passage) at a controllable, generally lower flow, such as 30 gpm. This dual mode allows the sterilization of highly contaminated liquid feedstock up to 10% TSS, such as city sludge, farm biowaste and other wastes by adapting the Linear Flow to the case at hand.
2. 200 KW TOTAL-LINEAR BIORECYCLER
SCOPE:To recycle highly biocontaminated liquid wastes, such as sludge, septage, farm biowaste, cheese whey, olive oil waste, and other biowaste with up to 10% TSS. The biowaste is passed through the 15,000 degrees F (10,000 degrees C) of the submerged arc to achieving full sterilization as well as carbonizing organic components and and polarize contaminants in solution for their efficient depuration. The treatment yields : 1) Completely sterilized and filtered, nutrient rich liquid (in volume about 95% the original biowaste); 2) Magnegas; and 3) Carbonized solid precipitates (in quantity equal to the original TSS).
A view of the biowaste as released into the Recycler (right) and the same as exiting the Recycler (left).
OPERATION
The PAF module is first filled up with the biocontaminated liquid waste, and operated in the Total Mode until reaching about 250 degrees F (about 110 C); then, the Total Mode is kept and the Linear Mode is activated at the pre-determined flow; the incoming biowaste is passed through the heat exchangers prior to reaching the PAF module for pre-heating while cooling down the exiting biowaste; the linear flow is set at the value needed to achieve full sterilization following chemical analyses. Biocontaminated solids (such as chicken manure) can be added to the liquid biowaste up to a total 10% TSS following the activation of a macerator. Final carbonized solids can be combusted to produce green electricity via the addition of magnegas fuel.
PERFORMANCE:
BIOWASTE RECYCLED: about 2,500 g/h or about 60,000 g/24h (about 10,000 L/h or about 250,000 L/24h) for biowastes with 1.5% to 2% TSS. A proportionately less volume is processed for biowastes with bigger TSS values or with particular contaminants;
NUTRIENT RICH LIQUID: about 95% th original volume;
MAGNEGAS PRODUCED: about 1,500 scf/h or about 35,000 scf/24h (about 50,000 L/24h or about 1M L/24h);
CARBONIZED SOLIDS: about the original value of the TSS:br>
HEAT PRODUCED; None usable (the produced heat is used to maintain the PAF over the boiling point).
MAIN COMPONENTS:
POWER: Four Miller Dimension 1,000 with 50 Kw each for use at 100 Kw, 150 Kw and 200 Kw, as needed
CONTROL: completely automatic with long cable for remote control of operations, and automatic shut-off for any malfunction.
PAF MODULE: Vertical with power assisted means for lifting the top flange for replacement of the electrodes;
MAGNEGAS STATION: completely automatic with explosion proof panel and Ingersol-Rand industrial compressor;
COOLING STATION: with four heat exchangers that can be operated in full or in part to maximize diversity of biowastes:
MACERATOR STATION: comprising an industrial macerators reducing biosolids down to the necessary small size for carbonization by the arc;
LIQUID FERTILIZER STATION: selected following customers needs and ranging from a system, of industrial sand filters, plus charcoal activated filter plus final industrial UV station, or including expensive high speeds disc centrifuges depending on desired performance,
2. 200 KW TOTAL-LINEAR BIORECYCLER
3. PICTURES
